REU Projects
At the University of Arizona, we are building a program to bridge the gap between laboratory- and field-scale studies by utilizing the unique infrastructure of Biosphere 2. Biosphere 2 offers unique opportunities for the exploration of complex questions in Earth sciences because of its ability to combine varying scales, precise manipulation and fine monitoring in controlled experiments. By building upon the large external scientific network at the University of Arizona in hydrology, geology, geochemistry, ecology, biology, physics, engineering and atmospheric sciences, we are developing a strong multidisciplinary team of researchers who are undertaking the design and deployment of top-notch science to address complex questions in environmental sciences. Projects for 2024 REU students include:
Ecosystem Science, Renewable Energy Production, Food, and Water Sustainability
Greg Barron-Gafford, Dept. of Geography and Development, and Biosphere 2. External forces (like environmental and human factors) and internal characteristics (like plant ecophysiology) determine where species can live and thrive. This nexus is critical for tackling one of the greatest challenges facing our future - how to simultaneously maximize renewable energy production and food production without degrading the environment. The "Agrivoltaics" installation at B2 blends renewable energy production from solar photovoltaics with agriculture to study the impacts of this novel approach on plant function, water use, and biomass production.
Tropical Forest Dynamics and Trace Gas Fluxes
Joost van Haren, Biosphere 2. Tropical forests are among the most dynamic ecosystems in the world, but their responses to climate change are uncertain. B2 provides an opportunity to study tropical ecosystems under future conditions (increased temperature, decreased precipitation); the large enclosure and artificial rainfall allows precise determination of water and carbon movement through the biome. Students use the B2 tropical forest to assess plant, hydrological, and carbon cycling responses to altered temperature and precipitation.
Microbes as the engineers of the soil, plants, and atmosphere
Laura Meredith, SNRE. How do soil microbiomes affect the biosphere, and specifically, its atmosphere? Our research focuses on interactions between ecosystems and the atmosphere that affect climate, air quality, and ecosystem health. I study the role of soil microbiomes in ecosystems and their immense capacity to transform matter in ways that release, or take up, trace gases. My group measures microbial cycling of trace gases that influence climate (e.g., nitrous oxide, methane, carbon dioxide) and mediate biological interactions belowground (e.g., volatile organic compounds). Our research aims to measure and decode new microbial signals in the soil in the Biosphere 2 Tropical Rainforest and the Landscape Evolution Observatory. The student(s) involved in this project will have the opportunity to learn methods in microbial genomics, bioinformatics, and analytical atmospheric chemistry by contributing to ongoing research campaigns and data analysis.
Calcification & biomineralization under a changing climate
Diane Thompson, Dept. of Geosciences (GEOS). The Biosphere 2 Ocean (B2O) mesocosm provides a unique opportunity to isolate the impacts of temperature and acidification on calcifying reef organisms at ecosystem scale. Leveraging this scale and control, this project will assess the impact of changing ocean conditions on the growth of calcifying reef organisms, and in turn, the climate records generated from carbonate skeletons (e.g., corals, coralline algae, bivalves, and foraminifera). Controlled experimental studies are required to understand the processes by which geochemical signals are incorporated into the carbonate skeleton during the calcification process (“biomineralization”), and how these processes change as a function of calcification rate, species and environmental conditions. This project will provide REU students with hand-on research experience at the interface of reef ecology, geochemistry, and paleoclimatology in the largest experimental ocean facility in the world, working with leading paleoclimate researchers in GEOS.
Mineral weathering, soil formation and carbon sequestration as influenced by water flow and biota
Katerina Dontsova, ENVS and B2. Projects at Biosphere 2 would focus on soil formation processes and development of subsurface heterogeneity through hydrologic-geochemical coupling using direct measurement and geochemical modelling: what happens in the basalt covering LEO slopes as a result of water flow and biological activity; what is the role of slope position, water residence time, and microbial activity on total weathering, chemical denudation, formation of high surface-area secondary solids, and accumulation of organic and inorganic carbon.
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Deep groundwater resources: quantity, quality & competition for limited supplies
Jennifer McIntosh, Dept. of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences. In the southwestern US and around the world, people are increasingly turning to groundwater to meet water resource demands and large regions of significant groundwater depletion have been documented from space. Yet, the quantity and quality of groundwater resources at depth, and their connection to the near-surface water cycle, are uncertain. In addition, deep groundwater resources are potentially impacted by energy production (e.g., oil and gas wells) and storage of energy-related waste products. Students will use existing datasets of groundwater
chemistry and apparent ages in relation to well depths and geologic information to assess controls on the depth of fresh and brackish groundwater resources, and do local fieldwork to collect water quality data.
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Geomorphology and land use dynamics of drylands
Jason Field, SNRE. The overall theme of the research for this project will be related to the effects of warmer temperatures, both chronic and acute, on land surface characteristics such as soil moisture and associated changes such as vegetation die-off. The effects of heat waves will be an area of particular focus. Approaches may include revaluating historical events in the context of heat wave conditions, not just chronic warming; hydrological modeling of soil moisture dynamics under chronic and acute warming; and evaluation of microclimate change associated with vegetation die-off. Data and literature synthesis will also be applied to link land surface responses to chronic and acute warming effects during drought.
Microbial-organic matter interactions and controls in dynamically changing systems
Malak Tfaily, ENVS. My research interests revolve around terrestrial interactions of geochemical and biological processes, at multiple scales (pore-to-ecosystem scale) and the resulting impact on the whole ecosystem. We use a combination of modern analytical molecular (high resolution mass spectrometry, etc.), geochemical (wet chemistry and gas flux), and isotopic techniques (natural abundance, and isotope enrichment) to answer where and how organic matter degradation and formation takes place in different ecosystems. Students would couple field work and laboratory studies to understand and examine the direct relationship between organic matter composition, the activity of the biological community, the geochemical signature of the activity and how that signature may translate between environments.
Geospatial Trends in Groundwater Quality
Joseph Hoover, ENVS. The overall objective of this research project is to apply GIS and spatial analysis methods to investigate groundwater quality trends for sources in Indigenous communities. Water management plans and infrastructure develop necessitate information about groundwater quality to support investigations for additional source development. Using existing publicly available data, students will analyze groundwater quality information, emphasizing trace metals, using geographic information systems. Students will receive training in applications of GIS and statistical analysis methods. There may also be opportunities for limited field work to collect water samples for analysis in partnership with Indigenous scholars and communities.